{"id":9719,"date":"2018-12-20T11:24:39","date_gmt":"2018-12-20T11:24:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/personaje\/dali-and-domenech-salvador\/"},"modified":"2021-11-04T17:29:18","modified_gmt":"2021-11-04T17:29:18","slug":"dali-and-domenech-salvador","status":"publish","type":"personaje","link":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/personaje\/dali-and-domenech-salvador\/","title":{"rendered":"Dal\u00ed and Dom\u00e9nech, Salvador"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spanish avant-garde painter, one of the leading representatives of surrealism. He had been a friend of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca’s since they met at the Residencia de Estudiantes (Students\u2019 Residence). They maintained a close friendship<\/strong> and brought their aesthetic theories closer between 1925 and 1926, although from 1928 onwards they disagreed and their relationship dwindled to the point of disappearing.<\/p>\n

His parents, Salvador Dal\u00ed i Cus\u00ed and Felipa Dom\u00e8nech, had three children. The first, also called Salvador, was born in 1901 but died at the age of two.\u00a0 This disturbed the future painter, who was obsessed with the idea of being a “reincarnated copy” of his dead brother. In 1908, was born Anna Mar\u00eda<\/a>, who also knew Garc\u00eda Lorca and maintained a valuable correspondence with him.<\/p>\n

During his training at the Fine Arts School of the San Fernando Academy in Madrid he lived at the Residencia de Estudiantes where he met other young residents, among them Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca and the Aragonese filmmaker Luis Bu\u00f1uel.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dal\u00ed’s training was unique: at only 12 he discovered painting, and specifically Impressionism, thanks to a stay with the family of Ramon Pichot, a local artist who traveled frequently to Paris and kept abreast of the latest artistic developments. After his school years, which were not very successful, he studied with the Marists and at the Figueres Secondary School. He also taught drawing. As early as 1919, he took part in exhibitions and founded the magazine Studium<\/em> with some friends, where he published his first writings.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Federico<\/a>
Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca and Salvador Dal\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In 1920, he persuaded his father to send him to study in Madrid. During his training at the Fine Arts School of the San Fernando Academy he lived at the Residencia de Estudiantes where he met other young residents, among them Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, the Aragonese filmmaker Luis Bu\u00f1uel<\/a>, the writers Pedro Garfias and Eugenio Montes and the unclassifiable Pep\u00edn Bello<\/a>, who were to exert a decisive influence on the Spanish cultural world.<\/p>\n

In the spring of 1925, Garc\u00eda Lorca accepted Dal\u00ed’s invitation to spend Easter at his house in Cadaqu\u00e9s. Lorca took the opportunity to read to Dal\u00ed Mariana Pineda<\/em><\/a>, whose premiere, with sets by Salvador himself, was delayed by Primo de Rivera’s censorship until 1927. During those years, Federico and Salvador maintained a close friendship. The possible love affair between the two has been a source of constant controversy and speculation.<\/strong> The visit allowed him to begin a close friendship with Anna Mar\u00eda Dal\u00ed, reflected in a beautiful collection of letters that are preserved in the Lorca Research Center in Fuente Vaqueros<\/a>. “Blessed are you, Ana Mar\u00eda, mermaid and shepherdess at the same time, brunette of olives and white of cold foam, daughter of the olive trees and niece of the sea”, the poet wrote to her.<\/p>\n

The friendship between the poet and the painter is further reflected in Dal\u00ed’s collaboration with the avant-garde magazine gallo<\/em>, promoted by Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca in 1926 from Granada.<\/p>\n

The definitive estrangement with Lorca would occur in 1929 after the premiere of \u2018An Andalusian Dog’<\/em>, the film shot by Bu\u00f1uel in collaboration with Dal\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In 1927, Garc\u00eda Lorca returned to Catalonia, where he stayed for a long period: four months. Lorca, who was finalizing the Gypsy Ballads<\/em><\/a>, took the opportunity to exhibit his drawings at the Dalmau Galleries and to premiere Mariana Pineda<\/em> on June 24 at the Goya Theater, the first of an important collaboration with the actress Margarita Xirgu<\/a>. The farewell between friends leaves a trace of sadness: “Now I know what I’m losing by leaving you. The impression that Barcelona gives me is that everyone is playing and sweating concerned about forgetting”, writes Dal\u00ed. And Lorca: “I had such a good time in Cadaqu\u00e9s that I think it was a good dream I had”.<\/p>\n

The relationship, however, soon ended. The triumvirate that had reigned at the Residencia de Estudiantes (Dal\u00ed, Lorca and Bu\u00f1uel) fell apart. Bu\u00f1uel reproached the poet for his “false” surrealism and Dal\u00ed attacked him for the Ballads<\/em>: “Your poetry is linked by feet and arms to the old poetry […]. Your poetry moves as a result of the illustration<\/em> of the most stereotyped and conformist common places”. The definitive estrangement came in 1929 after the release of An Andalusian Dog<\/em>, the film shot by Bu\u00f1uel in collaboration with Dal\u00ed. The Aragonese director attributed the following phrase to Lorca: “Bu\u00f1uel has made a little piece of shit called An Andalusian Dog<\/em> and that dog is me”. Lorca, angered by the treatment of his friends and deeply affected by the sentimental rupture with the sculptor Emilio Aladr\u00e9n<\/a>, decides to travel to New York on the advice of Fernando de los R\u00edos<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
From left to right, Salvador Dal\u00ed, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca and Pep\u00edn Bello.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In 1929, Dal\u00ed visited Paris again and came into contact with the Surrealists. From the 1930s onwards, he exhibited in Paris and the United States. He met Gala, then the wife of Paul Eluard, whom he married in 1934. Dal\u00ed thought he had already achieved the style that would define him artistically and was integrated into surrealism. But when he exhibited at the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants at the Grand Palais in Paris in 1934, he did not take into account that the other Surrealists had decided not to participate, which aroused the anger of Andr\u00e9 Breton, who demanded his expulsion from the group. Dal\u00ed had decided that Surrealism did not imply a left-wing political position. In fact, after the Civil War he openly supported Franco, who thanked him for his contribution to “cleansing Spain of destructive forces”.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In 1940, he and Gala moved to the United States. He began to design jewelery and collaborated on librettos, sets and costumes for various ballets. It was a golden age tainted by economic interest: avida dollars<\/em>, that is, thirsty for money, as Breton nicknamed him, interpolating the letters of his first and last names. This is the period in which he collaborated for Hollywood and his international fame and prestige reached the highest levels,<\/strong> at the same time as he became conceited and fatuous. He consumes style and epochs: he moves from mysticism to science and holography. In 1974, he opened the Dal\u00ed Theater-Museum in Cadaqu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

He died in Figueres on January 23, 1989.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spanish avant-garde painter, one of the leading representatives of surrealism. He had been a friend of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca’s since they met at the Residencia de Estudiantes (Students\u2019 Residence). They […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9722,"template":"","agrupacion":[126,138,127],"class_list":["post-9719","personaje","type-personaje","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","agrupacion-friends","agrupacion-student-residence","agrupacion-visual-artists"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/personaje\/9719"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/personaje"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/personaje"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"agrupacion","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/agrupacion?post=9719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}