{"id":10147,"date":"2019-12-23T18:37:43","date_gmt":"2019-12-23T18:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/personaje\/cernuda-bidon-o-bidou-luis\/"},"modified":"2021-10-26T07:51:23","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T07:51:23","slug":"cernuda-bidon-o-bidou-luis","status":"publish","type":"personaje","link":"https:\/\/www.universolorca.com\/en\/personaje\/cernuda-bidon-o-bidou-luis\/","title":{"rendered":"Cernuda Bid\u00f3n o Bidou, Luis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spanish writer of the Generation of ’27, born in Seville in 1902, to a military father. He began to read and write poetry at a very young age. He studied law in Seville in 1919 and was taught by Pedro Salinas<\/a>, who was his true initiator in the reading of Spanish and French classics. In 1925, he met Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez<\/a>, published in the Occidente <\/i>magazine in Madrid, and in Mediod\u00eda\u00a0<\/i>and Litoral<\/i>.<\/p>\n

In 1927 he published his first book of poems, Profile of the Air<\/i>, at the Imprenta Sur belonging to Altolaguirre<\/a> and Emilio Prados<\/a>. That year he attended the tribute to G\u00f3ngora, although he is not among the organizers or speakers. There he met Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, who was already a successful poet. They became accomplices and friends. After the death of his mother he leaves Seville. He goes to Madrid, meets Aleixandre<\/a> and, thanks to Salinas, gets a lectureship in Toulouse. He also travels to Paris and there he becomes fond of cinema and jazz, two genres that influenced his next book, A River, a Love\u00a0<\/i>(1929).<\/p>\n

\"Tribute<\/a>
Banquet offered to Luis Cernuda (presiding the table) at Los Galayos, then Casa Rojo, on April 29, 1936. Seated, from left to right: Eugenio Imaz, (unidentified), Helena Cortesina, Manuel Fontanals (hidden behind Cortesina), Santiago Onta\u00f1\u00f3n, Mar\u00eda Antonieta Agenaar, Concha M\u00e9ndez, La Argentinita and J. E. Morena B\u00e1ez. Standing, from left to right: Vicente Aleixandre, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, Pedro Salinas, Rafael Alberti, Pablo Neruda, Jos\u00e9 Bergam\u00edn, Manuel Altolaguirre, Mar\u00eda Teresa Le\u00f3n and V\u00edctor Mar\u00eda Cortezo \/ Photo: FGL Foundation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In 1929 he returns to Madrid and while working in a bookstore he writes Los placeres prohibidos\u00a0<\/i>(1931).<\/i> Gerardo Diego<\/a> includes it in his 1932 anthology (Spanish Poetry. Anthology 1915-1931<\/i>). He welcomes the arrival of the 2nd Republic and participates in the Pedagogical and Cultural Missions, first in the section of Libraries and then in the Ambulante Museum.<\/p>\n

Federico very elegantly and generously praised the literary quality and Cernuda\u2019s own and original voice.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

During these years he joins the Communist Party, although for a short time; he collaborates in the magazine Octubre<\/i> and in Cruz y raya,<\/i> by Jos\u00e9 Bergam\u00edn<\/a>. In 1934, he publishes Where Oblivion Lives<\/i>, a book inspired by his relationship with Seraf\u00edn Fern\u00e1ndez Ferro, who had been introduced to him by Federico. At the beginning of the year he publishes a very favorable literary portrait of Garc\u00eda Lorca in the Heraldo de Madrid<\/i>: “As time went by, this boy, whose name was Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, put the gifts of the fairies into practice. His poems were liked as soon as they were written; […] Thus, more or less, schoolchildren were to express themselves in a century, repeating what their class books told them about the figure of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca”.<\/p>\n

In 1936, when he was only 34 years old, he published the first edition of his complete work entitled Reality and Desire,<\/i> published by Bergam\u00edn. To celebrate, on April 29, a large group of intellectuals gathered in a restaurant in Madrid (then called Casa Rojo, later Los Galayos). Lorca presented the book and published his words the next day in El Sol<\/i>. Federico very elegantly and generously praised Cernuda’s literary quality and his own original voice. It was perhaps the last generational encounter.<\/p>\n

On June 13, 1936 Cernuda was one of those who stayed waiting in vain for Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca at the home of the diplomat Carlos Morla Lynch<\/a>, just before the poet decided to leave for Granada. After learning of Lorca’s murder he dedicates to him a heartfelt elegy, To a dead poet (F.G.L.)<\/i>, which was partly censored.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Restaurant<\/a>
Restaurant Buenavista. Photo of 1931. Group of \u201827 with Mathilde Pom\u00e8s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

During the Civil War he enlisted in the Alpine Battalion. In 1937, he moves to Valencia and participates in the cultural trenches of the magazine Hora de Espa\u00f1a<\/i> and in the 2nd Congress of Antifascist Intellectuals. In 1938 he leaves Spain to give lectures in the United Kingdom and will not return. There he meets Rafael Mart\u00ednez Nadal<\/a>, who will later become one of the scholars of his work. Cernuda is in charge of tutoring Spanish refugee children, works in a boarding school and in different universities. He writes Las nubes (The clouds)<\/i> and Ocnos<\/i>. During this period he also worked consistently as a literary critic.<\/p>\n

After learning of Lorca’s murder, Cernuda dedicated to him a heartfelt elegy, To a Dead Poet (F.G.L.)<\/i>, which was partly censored.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In 1947, he moved to the United States. Thanks to Concha de Albornoz he gets a place at the University of Mount Holyoke, where he remained until 1952. In 1951, he travels to Cuba to give some lectures and there he meets up again with Mar\u00eda Zambrano<\/a>, and later he arrives in Mexico, where he finally settles down. He meets up again with Concha M\u00e9ndez<\/a> and Manuel Altolaguirre<\/a>, with whom he was such close friends, and moves to their house. From 1954, he works at the University of Mexico. During these years he writes Poems for a Body<\/i> and Desolation of the Chimera<\/i>. In 1957, he also publishes Studies on contemporary Spanish poetry\u00a0<\/i>in which he includes a poem on Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca. He continues to publish more works\u00a0Reality and Desire<\/i>. When Altolaguirre died, he published his Complete Poems<\/i>. In the 1960s, he lectured in California, San Francisco and Los Angeles, but never left Mexico. He died there on November 5, 1963 and was buried there, in the Spanish section of the Pante\u00f3n Jard\u00edn cemetery.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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